Tips for Linux Basic Commands

Linux Commands - Basics and Usage

Linux Commands are virtually same from one Linux distribution or version to another. In such a way the original pros do Linux administration is to function at the Linux command line and execute Linux commands. It can be difficult for someone new to Linux to lean and understand, how to run a Linux command, in order to help them we here give some Linux tips to learn fast how to use Linux commands while working at the Linux command line prompt.

Basically there are 3 main parts for a Linux command, they are; one is the Linux command name, second is various options that can be used with a Linux command and the third is the “item(s)” that uses the Linux command to run “on”.

Now let’s go a bit detail. When you execute a Linux command, spaces are usually used between: the name of the Linux command, the command options and the item used to run the command. The mentioned “item” could be a file user, Linux directory, or may be some other Linux software components. As for example, you can run the Linux command known as rm (remove) “on” a Linux directory; this will remove the directory from the Linux file system. You type in the name of the command, and also any other parts of the command, like options, and press the Enter key to run a Linux command.

These are some Tips:  Linux commands are run at the prompt line of the Linux command and this prompt you can see as] # at the left of the command. Here you need not type in the prompt, but you type the Linux command usually at the right of the prompt.  Tips: The Linux command prompt can also appear as:] $ or even as another symbol, instead of # or $ .

Linux Command Syntax is usually very confusing. To put things more complexed, every command has slightly different Syntax. You need to know what switch or options are to be used to enter a command. This will help you to turn a common command into a much powerful tool.

It is generally felt that Linux distributions are increasing and decreasing in popularity all the time.  If you are able to learn how to use Linux by just running the GUI utilities in one simple distro, and then you can usually stop using that particular distro. There is a need to learn all the aspect of GUI utilities of the next following distro. If you are quick to learn how to use particular commands, then you can easily learn how to use usually Linux for all distros!

A new user always need to get Linux training in the first hand, one may be often confused to decide what to particularly focus on. It is better to join a computer training institution which provides an advanced course in Linux. Take the help of the instructors to understand the commands properly. If there is any doubts then clarify then and there itself. Do the practical training part in the institution and get well versed in it.

Linux Commands

“/” – this is the root directory and it is the top of the file system and all other directories are mounted under in it.

“/root” – this is the default home directory of administration i.e.; root

“/home” – it contain all users home directories

“/boot” - this directory contain the kernel i.e.; core of the operating system.

“/sbin” - it contain administration commands used by super user

“/bin” – this directory contain command used by super user and normal user

“/usr” - it contain programs and application which are available for users

“/var” - it contain variable information such as logs and print queues

“/dev” - this directory contain device node through which the operating system can access hardware and software device on system

“/etc”- it contain all configuration files

“/proc” – this directory is a mount point for virtual information about currently running system process

“/tmp” – this directory contain temporary files used by the system

“/opt” –it contain the third party of removable media such as cd-rom, floppy disk and pen drive

“/lib” – it contain libraries files and no. of different application.

General Basic Commands

In this General purpose commands we can know about the date, time and calendar and also it will display the machine name with in a network. We have an option to lock our terminal and also to check the misspelled words.

cal - it will display the present calendar year

cal 2008 it will display the 2008 calendar

date – it will display the system date on the screen

date +%m it will display only the month in numbers

date +%h it will display the month in words

date –d it will display the day of the month

date –y it will display the last two digits of the year

date –hms it will display the hours, minutes and second respectively

tty – it tells you which terminal are you present i.e.; (tele type)command

uname – it will display your machine name

uname –n it will tells you the machine name in a network

passwd – we can change your password

lock - it will lock your terminal by typing the password

lock -45 we can lock it for 45 minutes our terminal

tput – it help in positioning the cursor at a specific location and is mainly used for highlighting the text

echo – it will display the messages on the screen

spell – it checkout the list if misspelled words

ispell – it will makes the corrections on-line

banner – it will display a blow-up text in large letters and multiple lines

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